Pages in this section
Vintage printsVintage photographic and engraved prints: historical processes, states, conservation and authentication.›
Limited editionsContemporary numbered prints and multiples: edition, numbering, signature, certificates and resale.›
Artists' booksArtists' books: illustrated editions, print runs, bindings, conservation and the bibliophile market.›
Multiple works, a demanding market

Photography and graphic arts account for several billion euros, spread across the segments of painting on paper and contemporary. Their particularity is to exist in multiples: prints, editions, states.
The whole challenge is to distinguish the original from the reproduction, the vintage print from the later print, the numbered copy from the copy not for sale.
This section offers three pages: vintage prints, limited editions and artists' books.
Photography and graphic arts in figures
Source: OIMAP Observatory.
The three pages of the section



The original in multiple art
A print or a photograph may exist in several copies, all "originals", provided they were pulled under the artist's supervision. Value then depends on the number of copies, the date of printing, the quality of the print, the signature and the numbering.
A vintage print, made in the artist's lifetime or soon after the exposure, is generally worth much more than a later print made after their death. The distinctions are subtle and call for an expert eye.
The role of rights holders
For many deceased artists, rights holders authorise posthumous prints, often numbered. They are valid on the market if clearly identified as such, but are worth less than vintage prints.
OIMAP issues a certificate that states the nature of the print (vintage, later, posthumous), the edition number, the date and the process used. This certificate has become an expected document for sales above €5,000.
Conservation, a major issue
Works on paper are sensitive to light, humidity, pollutants and handling. A photograph on permanent display may yellow or fade within a few years. A badly mounted print may warp or stain.
OIMAP conservation reports indicate the paper, the technique, any alterations and exhibition recommendations. They are particularly useful for insurers and lenders.
Three groups
| Group | Distinctive feature | Median price | 2024 change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vintage prints | Vintage prints | €4,600 | +5.9% |
| Limited editions | Contemporary numbered prints | €2,400 | +7.8% |
| Artists' books | Works published as books | €3,100 | +6.2% |
Landmarks
- Invention of photography
First prints.
- Established market
First specialist sales.
- Contemporary photography
Boom in limited editions.
- +6.7%
A dynamic segment.
Vintage print or later print



Photograph or print

Photography
Silver or digital print- Prints sometimes in multiples
- Varied processes
- Delicate conservation
Growing market.

- Numbered impressions
- Known matrices
- Old market
Established market.
Buying a print with confidence
- Identify
Process, date, edition.
- Compare
With reference prints.
- Document
Invoice, certificate, provenance.
- Preserve
Storage and display conditions.
- Register
Work passport.
Documents to ask for
A photography gallery owner

« Photography is the only art in which the same negative can produce works of very different values. You have to know how to read the paper. »
Vocabulary of photography
- Vintage print
- Print made in the artist's lifetime.
- Posthumous print
- Print made after death.
- Edition
- All the copies of a multiple work.
- Matrix
- Plate or negative used for printing.
Frequently asked questions
Is a digital photograph an original work?
Yes, if the artist has published and numbered it.
How should a print be stored?
Away from light, in neutral paper.
Is an artist's book a multiple?
Yes, it exists in numbered copies.
Where can I see prices?
In the databases.
Useful documents
Contacts

See the vintage prints
Image credits (22)
- Portrait of a Naval Officer, Lai Fong (1870s) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Boy with Cigar (c. 1855) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire, England, Adolphe Braun (c. 1870s) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- St. Andrews Castle, from the Southeast, David Octavius Hill (1846) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Leaf from a Psalter and Prayerbook: Calendar Page with Labors (recto) and Calendar Page with Peasant (verso) (c. 1524) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Fortified Peak, Near the Tank, Ulwur, Louis-Théophile Marie Rousselet (1865–68, published 1869–70) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Capriccio: A Palace with a Courtyard by the Lagoon, Antonio Canaletto (c. 1750–55) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Music Teacher's Wife (c. 1850s) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Leaf from a Missal: The Crucifixion (recto) and Text (verso) (c. 1330–40) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Sketch of the Labyrinth of the Villa Pisani, Francesco Guardi (1773–1778(?)) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Nowshera, Kashmir (number 1000), Samuel Bourne (1864) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Miniature from a Manuscript of the Apocalypse: The War in Heaven (c. 1295) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- La Belle Jardinère: le magasin de la rue de la Cité pendant sa demolition, Paris, Charles Marville (1864–66) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Old Market, Cleveland, Frank Wilcox (1920) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- St. Catherine of Siena and the Beggar, Giovanni di Paolo (1460s) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Hoyshaleshvara Temple Sculpture, Halebidu (Halebeedu), Richard Banner Oakeley (1856–57) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Eighteen Views of Rome: The Piazza Farnese (recto), Lievin Cruyl (1664) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Temple of Athene Nike. Venus Victrix—Wingless Victory, Dimitrios Constantin (c. 1850s–60s) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Illuminated Opening Page Titled Laila and Majnun from a Khamsa (Quintet) of Nizami of Ganja, Ja'far Baisunghuri (835 AH/1431–32 CE) — The Metropolitan Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Hours of Queen Isabella the Catholic, Queen of Spain, Master of the First Prayerbook of Maximillian (c. 1500) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Missale: Fol. 185v: Crucifixion with borders (full page), Bartolommeo Caporali (1469) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Fortress, Togluckabad, Louis-Théophile Marie Rousselet (1865–68, published 1869–70) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
Cleveland Museum of Art · CC0 1.0


Vintage printsVintage photographic and engraved prints: historical processes, states, conservation and authentication.›
Limited editionsContemporary numbered prints and multiples: edition, numbering, signature, certificates and resale.›
Artists' booksArtists' books: illustrated editions, print runs, bindings, conservation and the bibliophile market.›