Observe · Regulate · Protect — since 2007. 19th OIMAP General Assembly: Singapore, 10–12 June 2026. Programme
Certification

Frequently asked questions

Answers to the most frequently asked questions on Directive No. 2019-07: scope, application, experts, appeals.

Updated : October 28, 2026· 3 min read

The Secretariat's answers

The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530)
The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530)

This page gathers the questions that States, professionals, experts and individuals most often ask about Directive No. 2019-07. The answers are drafted by the Secretary-General's Office and updated each year.

The questions are grouped into four themes: scope and legal value, practical application, experts and analyses, opinion and appeals. A table of contents lets you go straight to the theme that interests you.

If your question does not appear, you can ask it through the contact form: the most frequent questions are added to this page.

  • Scope
  • Application
  • Experts
  • Appeals

The FAQ in figures

4themes
20questions
3languages
once a yearupdate

Practical application

Is an OIMAP certificate binding on all States?

It is recognised by the 67 Member States, on the principle of mutual recognition.

Can a State refuse a certificate?

Only for a specific, notified and proportionate reason.

Does the directive impose a certification timeframe?

It sets maximum timeframes for admissibility and the decision.

Does it apply to digital works?

Yes, through note 9 on digital certifications.

How does the directive treat living artists?

Through note 10: the artist or their successor in title confirms the attribution.

St. Anthony Reading, Albrecht Dürer (1519)
St. Anthony Reading, Albrecht Dürer (1519)
Mercury (Budha), from a Mandi Astrology Series, Sanju (c. 1810)
Mercury (Budha), from a Mandi Astrology Series, Sanju (c. 1810)
High Class Students and Teachers at Bishop Cotton School, Shimla (verso), Raja Deen Dayal (c. 1882–87)
High Class Students and Teachers at Bishop Cotton School, Shimla (verso), Raja Deen Dayal (c. 1882–87)

Experts and analyses

Who appoints the expert?

The Secretariat, by drawing lots within the specialty, in accordance with article 8.

Can I challenge an expert?

Yes, within five days, by a reasoned request.

Are analyses mandatory?

No, they are proportionate to the work and what is at stake (article 12).

Can a sample be imposed?

No, it requires the owner's written consent.

Are laboratories monitored?

Yes, by audit and by interlaboratory comparisons.

Opinion and appeals

Must the opinion be reasoned?

Yes, in writing, with the sources, the analyses and the degree of certainty.

How long is the file kept?

For the whole life of the work in the Registry.

How can an opinion be challenged?

By a request for review within thirty days, then before the Arbitral Tribunal.

Is the review free?

It is charged at 30% of the initial price.

Can I consult my file?

Yes, at any time, from your area at the Desk.

Going further

Related pages
SubjectPage
Text of the directiveText
Implementation notesNotes
Experts' ethicsCode of ethics
AppealsArbitration

Ask a question or open a case

Qur'an Manuscript Folio (recto; verso); Left side of Bifolio (800s)

Ask a question

General information
  • Reply within 3 days
  • Free of charge
  • No commitment

To understand the rule.

Woman Sitting Reading , Georges Lemmen (1905)

Open a case

Concrete procedure
  • Application of the directive to your work
  • Price depending on the act
  • Online follow-up

To obtain a certificate.

Themes of the questions received in 2024

Appeals31%
Experts27%
Legal scope24%
Application18%

Source: Secretary-General's Office (indicative).

Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)
Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)
Bookplate:  Boylston Medical Library, George Girdler Smith (1806–39)
Bookplate: Boylston Medical Library, George Girdler Smith (1806–39)
Chemin de fer de Toulouse à Bayonne. Pont de l'Aran (en trois arches de 17m d'ouverture chacune). Situation des travaux au 21 juillet 1861, Édouard Baldus (1861)
Chemin de fer de Toulouse à Bayonne. Pont de l'Aran (en trois arches de 17m d'ouverture chacune). Situation des travaux au 21 juillet 1861, Édouard Baldus (1861)

Development of the FAQ

  1. First version

    Ten questions.

  2. Addition of appeals

    Five questions.

  3. Addition of digital matters

    Four questions.

  4. Reorganisation by theme

    Twenty questions.

Case study: a question that became a note

When the FAQ changes the law

Situation

Several applicants ask how to apply the directive to a work by a living artist.

Actions
  1. The Secretariat gathers the questions.
  2. It publishes note 10.
  3. The FAQ now refers to this note.
Outcome

A practice becomes a clear rule.

A service principle

A Lady Reading, Francis Seymour Haden (1833–1910)
« A successful FAQ is one that you eventually no longer need to read. »
Secretary-General's Office, OIMAP

Vocabulary of the FAQ

FAQ
Frequently asked questions.
Review
New examination at the applicant's request.
Successor in title
Person who holds an artist's rights.
Enforceable
Which can be invoked against third parties.

Contacts

A Palace with an Arched Bridge (A Roman Villa), Hubert Robert (1760)
A Palace with an Arched Bridge (A Roman Villa), Hubert Robert (1760)
Certification DepartmentParis — Headquarters+33 1 00 00 00 00certification@oimap.exampleMonday to Friday, 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.

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Missale: Fol. 185v: Crucifixion with borders  (full page), Bartolommeo Caporali (1469)

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