One text, three languages

Art contracts are rarely written in a single language. The standard clause is therefore published in OIMAP's three official languages: French, English and Spanish. Each version was prepared by lawyers and approved by the tribunal's council.
The three texts are equally authentic, but the parties choose the language of the proceedings independently of the language of the contract. An English-language clause may thus designate proceedings in French.
This page gives the English and Spanish versions, the terminological equivalents and the precautions to take.
Translations of the standard clause in figures
Source: Registry of the OIMAP Arbitral Tribunal.
English version
"Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract shall be finally settled under the Arbitration Rules of the OIMAP Arbitral Tribunal (TAO) by one or three arbitrators appointed in accordance with those Rules. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris. The language of the arbitration shall be English."
The English text uses "finally settled" to translate "tranché définitivement" and "seat" for "siège": these are the established terms of international practice. Do not use "place of arbitration" or "venue", which cause confusion.



Spanish version
"Toda controversia derivada del presente contrato o relacionada con él será resuelta definitivamente de conformidad con el Reglamento de Arbitraje del Tribunal Arbitral de la OIMAP (TAO) por uno o tres árbitros nombrados conforme a dicho Reglamento. La sede del arbitraje será París. El idioma del arbitraje será el español."
The term "sede" means the legal seat, not the physical place of the hearings. "Laudo" means the arbitral award. Avoid "sentencia", which is reserved for the decisions of State judges.
Consistency between languages
If the contract exists in several languages, specify which prevails or state that all are equally authentic. Reproduce the clause in the language of the contract and mention the language of the proceedings in the clause itself.
For bilingual contracts, the clause must appear in both versions with identical content. A discrepancy between the texts could be exploited to challenge jurisdiction; the Registry can check concordance on request.
Other languages
For contracts in other languages (Arabic, Chinese, Portuguese, German, Italian), the Registry offers unofficial translations for guidance. They must be validated by a local lawyer before use.
The proceedings may be conducted in a language other than the three official languages if the parties and the arbitrators so decide. The Registry then arranges interpretation and translation of the documents.
Terms to watch
| French | English | Spanish |
|---|---|---|
| Award | Award | Laudo |
| Seat | Seat | Sede |
| Tribunal arbitral | Arbitral tribunal | Tribunal arbitral |
| Rules | Rules | Reglamento |
| Requête | Request for arbitration | Solicitud de arbitraje |
Milestones
- French
Initial version.
- English
Translation.
- Spanish
Translation.
- Harmonisation
Joint revision.
Avoid home-made translations



Monolingual or bilingual contract

Monolingual
One language- Simple
- No discrepancy
- Poorly suited to foreign parties
For domestic contracts.

Bilingual
Two languages- Mutual understanding
- Risk of discrepancy
- Specify the prevailing version
For international contracts.
Choosing the language
- List
Parties' languages.
- Choose
Language of the contract.
- Set
Language of the proceedings.
- Copy
Official version.
- Check
Concordance.
Useful checks
A legal translator

« The word "siège" has caused more misunderstandings than any other. The TAO model avoids them by using the terms of international practice. »
Vocabulary of languages
- Award
- Arbitral award in English.
- Seat
- Seat of the arbitration.
- Laudo
- Arbitral award in Spanish.
- Sede
- Seat of the arbitration in Spanish.
Frequently asked questions
May I use other languages?
For the proceedings, yes, with the tribunal's agreement.
Which version prevails?
None, they are equally authentic.
Where can I download it?
In the useful documents.
Where can I see how to use it?
See Use.
Useful documents
Contacts

See how to use it
Image credits (16)
- The Antechamber of the Palace of Justice, Paris, Charles Meryon (1855) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Coronation of the Virgin, Christoffel Jegher (1632–36) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Triumph of Mordecai, Lucas van Leyden (1515) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Dance at the Court of Herod, Israhel van Meckenem (c. 1500) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Calumny of Apelles, Giorgio Ghisi (1560) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Seal Color Box (1662–1722) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Dr. James Stuart; Mary Campbell Stuart, Gilbert Stuart (c. 1815) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Portrait of John VIII Palaoelogus, Emperor of Constantinople, 1424-1428 (reverse), Pisanello (c. 1438–1439) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Victory Banquet: from Battle Scenes of the Quelling of Rebellions in the Western Regions, with Imperial Poems (c. 1765–74; poem dated 1760) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Eighteen Views of Rome: The Piazza Farnese (recto), Lievin Cruyl (1664) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Plaque (1500s–1600s) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Chemin de fer de Toulouse à Bayonne. Pont de l'Aran (en trois arches de 17m d'ouverture chacune). Situation des travaux au 21 juillet 1861, Édouard Baldus (1861) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Seal Color Box (1662–1722) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Mercury (Budha), from a Mandi Astrology Series, Sanju (c. 1810) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
Cleveland Museum of Art · CC0 1.0
OIMAP standard clauseA ready-to-use arbitration clause for your art contracts: official text, translations into three languages and advice on use.›
Text of the standard clauseThe official text of the TAO arbitration clause, its variants (mediation, expedited, authenticity) and a sentence-by-sentence commentary.›
Using the standard clauseWhere to insert the OIMAP arbitration clause: sale contracts, deposits, warranties, general conditions of auction sale and online contracts.›