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Arbitration

Translations of the standard clause

The TAO standard clause in English and Spanish: official texts, terminology pitfalls and rules of consistency between languages.

Updated : October 28, 2026· 3 min read

One text, three languages

Coronation of the Virgin, Christoffel Jegher (1632–36)
Coronation of the Virgin, Christoffel Jegher (1632–36)

Art contracts are rarely written in a single language. The standard clause is therefore published in OIMAP's three official languages: French, English and Spanish. Each version was prepared by lawyers and approved by the tribunal's council.

The three texts are equally authentic, but the parties choose the language of the proceedings independently of the language of the contract. An English-language clause may thus designate proceedings in French.

This page gives the English and Spanish versions, the terminological equivalents and the precautions to take.

  • Translation
  • Language
  • Concordance

Translations of the standard clause in figures

3Official versions
100%Concordance verified
8Sensitive terms
2022Latest harmonisation

Source: Registry of the OIMAP Arbitral Tribunal.

Breakdown

French52%
English36%
Spanish12%

Languages of the clauses used.

English version

"Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract shall be finally settled under the Arbitration Rules of the OIMAP Arbitral Tribunal (TAO) by one or three arbitrators appointed in accordance with those Rules. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris. The language of the arbitration shall be English."

The English text uses "finally settled" to translate "tranché définitivement" and "seat" for "siège": these are the established terms of international practice. Do not use "place of arbitration" or "venue", which cause confusion.

Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)
Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)
The Triumph of Mordecai, Lucas van Leyden (1515)
The Triumph of Mordecai, Lucas van Leyden (1515)
The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530)
The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530)

Spanish version

"Toda controversia derivada del presente contrato o relacionada con él será resuelta definitivamente de conformidad con el Reglamento de Arbitraje del Tribunal Arbitral de la OIMAP (TAO) por uno o tres árbitros nombrados conforme a dicho Reglamento. La sede del arbitraje será París. El idioma del arbitraje será el español."

The term "sede" means the legal seat, not the physical place of the hearings. "Laudo" means the arbitral award. Avoid "sentencia", which is reserved for the decisions of State judges.

Consistency between languages

If the contract exists in several languages, specify which prevails or state that all are equally authentic. Reproduce the clause in the language of the contract and mention the language of the proceedings in the clause itself.

For bilingual contracts, the clause must appear in both versions with identical content. A discrepancy between the texts could be exploited to challenge jurisdiction; the Registry can check concordance on request.

Other languages

For contracts in other languages (Arabic, Chinese, Portuguese, German, Italian), the Registry offers unofficial translations for guidance. They must be validated by a local lawyer before use.

The proceedings may be conducted in a language other than the three official languages if the parties and the arbitrators so decide. The Registry then arranges interpretation and translation of the documents.

Terms to watch

Five equivalents
FrenchEnglishSpanish
AwardAwardLaudo
SeatSeatSede
Tribunal arbitralArbitral tribunalTribunal arbitral
RulesRulesReglamento
RequêteRequest for arbitrationSolicitud de arbitraje

Milestones

  1. French

    Initial version.

  2. English

    Translation.

  3. Spanish

    Translation.

  4. Harmonisation

    Joint revision.

Avoid home-made translations

The Dance at the Court of Herod, Israhel van Meckenem (c. 1500)
The Dance at the Court of Herod, Israhel van Meckenem (c. 1500)
The Calumny of Apelles, Giorgio Ghisi (1560)
The Calumny of Apelles, Giorgio Ghisi (1560)
Seal Color Box (1662–1722)
Seal Color Box (1662–1722)

Monolingual or bilingual contract

Dr. James Stuart; Mary Campbell Stuart, Gilbert Stuart (c. 1815)

Monolingual

One language
  • Simple
  • No discrepancy
  • Poorly suited to foreign parties

For domestic contracts.

Portrait of John VIII Palaoelogus, Emperor of Constantinople, 1424-1428 (reverse), Pisanello (c. 1438–1439)

Bilingual

Two languages
  • Mutual understanding
  • Risk of discrepancy
  • Specify the prevailing version

For international contracts.

Choosing the language

  1. List

    Parties' languages.

  2. Choose

    Language of the contract.

  3. Set

    Language of the proceedings.

  4. Copy

    Official version.

  5. Check

    Concordance.

Useful checks

Vocabulary of languages

Award
Arbitral award in English.
Seat
Seat of the arbitration.
Laudo
Arbitral award in Spanish.
Sede
Seat of the arbitration in Spanish.

Frequently asked questions

May I use other languages?

For the proceedings, yes, with the tribunal's agreement.

Which version prevails?

None, they are equally authentic.

Where can I download it?

In the useful documents.

Where can I see how to use it?

See Use.

Useful documents

Contacts

Eighteen Views of Rome: The Piazza Farnese (recto), Lievin Cruyl (1664)
Eighteen Views of Rome: The Piazza Farnese (recto), Lievin Cruyl (1664)
Registry of the Arbitral Tribunal (TAO)Paris — Head Office+33 1 00 00 04 00greffe.tao@oimap.exampleMonday to Friday, 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.

See how to use it

Mercury (Budha), from a Mandi Astrology Series, Sanju (c. 1810)

Where to insert it.

Use
Image credits (16)
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