Observe · Regulate · Protect — since 2007. 19th OIMAP General Assembly: Singapore, 10–12 June 2026. Programme
Arbitration

Tribunal rules

The TAO arbitration rules: full text, model clauses and history of amendments, in French, English and Spanish.

Updated : October 28, 2026· 4 min read

Pages in this section

The rules of the arbitration game

Coronation of the Virgin, Christoffel Jegher (1632–36)
Coronation of the Virgin, Christoffel Jegher (1632–36)

The Rules are the founding document of every procedure before the TAO. They organise referral, constitution of the tribunal, proceedings, award and costs. Parties who choose the TAO accept the Rules as in force on the date of the request.

The current version has 62 articles divided into eight chapters. It has been revised four times since 2011, most recently in 2024. It is available in French, English and Spanish; the three versions are equally authentic.

This section presents the full text, the model clauses and the amendments.

  • Rules
  • Articles
  • Annexes

Tribunal Rules in figures

62Articles
8Chapters
4Revisions since 2011
3Authentic languages

Source: Registry of the OIMAP Arbitral Tribunal.

Three documents

Breakdown

Procedure34%
Tribunal arbitral22%
Award16%
Costs14%
General provisions14%

Weight of the chapters in the Rules.

Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)
Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)
Plaque (1500s–1600s)
Plaque (1500s–1600s)
The Antechamber of the Palace of Justice, Paris, Charles Meryon (1855)
The Antechamber of the Palace of Justice, Paris, Charles Meryon (1855)

Structure of the Rules

The eight chapters deal in turn with general provisions, the introduction of proceedings, the constitution of the tribunal, procedure, evidence, the award, costs and final provisions. Annexes contain the scale of fees, the code of ethics, the expedited procedure, the mediation rules and urgent measures.

Each article is accompanied by an official commentary explaining its spirit and applications. These commentaries, published by the Registry, are not binding but shed light on interpretation.

Guiding principles

The Rules state that the tribunal and the parties must act with speed, loyalty and efficiency. They enshrine equality of the parties, the adversarial principle, confidentiality and the parties' freedom in organising the procedure, within the limits of public policy.

They also lay down rules specific to the art world: taking market customs into account, use of recognised authenticity experts, special treatment of cultural property and the interests of States.

How the Rules apply

The Rules apply as soon as the arbitration agreement refers to them. The applicable version is the one in force on the day of the request, unless otherwise agreed. The parties may depart from most provisions, except those guaranteeing equality of the parties, the independence of arbitrators and public policy.

Where the Rules are silent, the tribunal decides after consulting the parties. Gaps are regularly filled by arbitral case law, published in anonymised form.

Drafting and revision

The Rules are prepared by a drafting committee made up of arbitrators, lawyers, representatives of market operators and academics. Drafts undergo a sixty-day public consultation before adoption by the council.

Each revision is accompanied by an explanatory note and a concordance table with the previous version. Clauses concluded under an earlier version remain governed by it until the request has been filed.

Chapters of the Rules

Six main blocks
ChapterSubjectArticles
IGeneral provisions1 to 7
IIIntroduction of proceedings8 to 16
IIIConstitution of the tribunal17 to 28
IVProcedure29 to 42
VAward43 to 52
VICosts and final provisions53 to 62

Milestones

  1. First version

    Thirty-eight articles.

  2. Mediation

    Mediation annex.

  3. Expedited procedure

    Annex II.

  4. Remote hearings

    Article 33 bis.

  5. Online request

    Current version.

Mercury (Budha), from a Mandi Astrology Series, Sanju (c. 1810)
Mercury (Budha), from a Mandi Astrology Series, Sanju (c. 1810)
Chemin de fer de Toulouse à Bayonne. Pont de l'Aran (en trois arches de 17m d'ouverture chacune). Situation des travaux au 21 juillet 1861, Édouard Baldus (1861)
Chemin de fer de Toulouse à Bayonne. Pont de l'Aran (en trois arches de 17m d'ouverture chacune). Situation des travaux au 21 juillet 1861, Édouard Baldus (1861)
The Triumph of Mordecai, Lucas van Leyden (1515)
The Triumph of Mordecai, Lucas van Leyden (1515)

Applicable version

Institutional rules or UNCITRAL Rules

Seal Color Box (1662–1722)

TAO Rules

Administered by the Registry
  • Timetable followed
  • Known scale of fees
  • List of arbitrators

Reassuring framework.

Seal of Doge Michele Steno (reverse) (1400–1409)

UNCITRAL Rules

Ad hoc arbitration
  • Flexibility
  • No administrator
  • Risk of deadlock

Reserved for experienced practitioners.

Reading the Rules

  1. Skim

    Table of contents.

  2. Identify

    Useful articles.

  3. Compare

    Successive versions.

  4. Apply

    Use the standard clause.

  5. Check

    Consult the Registry.

Articles to know

A professor

Sweet Melancholy, Joseph-Marie Vien (1756)
« A good set of arbitration rules is like a good set of rules for a game: you forget it when all goes well, and you are glad to know it when things get complicated. »
Pr. Henri-Louis Vasseur, president of the TAO

Vocabulary of the Rules

Rules
Set of rules of procedure.
Article
Numbered provision of a text.
Annex
Supplementary document to the Rules.
Official commentary
Explanation published by the Registry.

Frequently asked questions

Are the Rules free?

Yes, online.

Do they exist in English?

Yes, and in Spanish.

May I depart from them?

Within the limits of public policy.

Where can I find the text?

Useful documents

Contacts

Eighteen Views of Rome: The Piazza Farnese (recto), Lievin Cruyl (1664)
Eighteen Views of Rome: The Piazza Farnese (recto), Lievin Cruyl (1664)
Registry of the Arbitral Tribunal (TAO)Paris — Head Office+33 1 00 00 04 00greffe.tao@oimap.exampleMonday to Friday, 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.

Read the full text

Carved Lacquer Scroll Box (1736–95)

Sixty-two articles.

Full text
Image credits (22)
▲