Ten principles of conduct

The code of ethics sets the rules of conduct for galleries and dealers registered with OIMAP. It applies to all registered professionals, whether labelled or not.
Adopted in 2015 and revised in 2021, it covers relations with artists, clients, colleagues and the authorities. It rests on transparency, honesty and respect for heritage.
This page presents each of the ten principles, its practical consequences and the possible sanctions.
Code of ethics in figures
Source: OIMAP Observatory.
The ten principles
Integrity: sell only works whose lawfulness has been checked. Transparency: inform the buyer of what is known about the work, its condition and its restorations. Authenticity: present as authentic only what one has serious reason to believe so. Provenance: consult the BIOP database and keep supporting documents.
Loyalty: respect one's commitments to artists, colleagues and clients. Confidentiality: protect the identity of buyers and sellers. Prudence: refuse suspicious transactions. Compliance: respect tax and customs legislation. Cooperation: cooperate with the authorities and OIMAP. Training: maintain one's knowledge.



When the code is applied
The code applies first by example: the Secretariat publishes anonymised cases and practical guides. It then applies through mediation: any dispute between a client and a professional may be submitted to an independent mediator.
As a last resort, an ethics commission may impose sanctions: warning, suspension, striking off. Its decisions are published, with the possibility of appeal to the Arbitral Tribunal.
The code and artists
Three principles directly concern artists: loyalty (respecting representation contracts), transparency (communicating prices and sales) and prudence (not selling at a throwaway price). Artists may bring a matter before the commission in case of breach.
The commission thus sanctioned in 2024 three galleries that had sold artists' works without paying them the agreed share. These decisions, rare but public, remind us that ethics also protect creators.
Available sanctions
| Sanction | Typical case | Publicity |
|---|---|---|
| Warning | Minor breach | Not published |
| Reprimand | Repeated breach | Published without name |
| Suspension | Serious breach | Published with name |
| Striking off | Proven fraud | Published and passed to the authorities |
Landmarks
- Adoption
First code.
- Ethics commission
Creation of the body.
- Revision
Addition of online sales.
- 42 cases judged
Annual publication.
Market trust
Code and law

The code
Professional requirement- More demanding than the law
- Mediation and internal sanctions
- Evolves faster
Complements the law.

The law
Legal obligation- Criminal or civil penalty
- Enforced by the courts
- Evolves slowly
Minimum framework.



Handling a breach
- Complaint
Filed by a client or a colleague.
- Mediation
Attempt at amicable settlement.
- Investigation
Examination by the commission.
- Decision
Sanction or dismissal.
- Appeal
Possible before the Arbitral Tribunal.
Complying with the code
A commission chairman

« A code is worth what one is prepared to do with it. We prefer it to be demanding and applied, rather than brilliant and ignored. »
Vocabulary of ethics
- Ethics
- Set of rules of conduct of a profession.
- Commission
- Body that judges breaches.
- Striking off
- Removal from the list of registered professionals.
- Loyalty
- Respect for one's commitments.
Frequently asked questions
Does the code apply to unlabelled professionals?
Yes, to all registered professionals.
Where can I read the full text?
In the useful documents, as a PDF.
Can a sanction be challenged?
Yes, before the Arbitral Tribunal.
Who refers a matter to the commission?
Any client, colleague or authority.
Useful documents
Contacts

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Image credits (16)
- Dr. James Stuart; Mary Campbell Stuart, Gilbert Stuart (c. 1815) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Vanity Case (Nécessaire) (c. 1760) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Calumny of Apelles, Giorgio Ghisi (1560) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Four Seasons, Kano Tan’yū (1668) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Antechamber of the Palace of Justice, Paris, Charles Meryon (1855) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Portrait of Georges Arnold Fitzwilliam, Charles Balthazar Julien Fevret de Saint-Mémin (c. 1790–1852) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Saucer with Scene in style of Watteau (c. 1750–60) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Portrait of a Man, Gustave Caillebotte (1880) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Market Place, Wells, Muirhead Bone (1891–1953) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- A Palace with an Arched Bridge (A Roman Villa), Hubert Robert (1760) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Scenes of Daily Life, Roads and Paths: Road to Market (Scènes de la vie quotidienne, Routes et Chemins: Route du Marché), Carle Vernet (1819) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Christ Driving the Money Changers from the Temple, Rembrandt van Rijn (1635) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Portrait of John VIII Palaoelogus, Emperor of Constantinople, 1424-1428 (reverse), Pisanello (c. 1438–1439) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Portrait Head of a Noble or Official (175–200 CE) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
Cleveland Museum of Art · CC0 1.0
Galleries and dealersThe galleries and dealers labelled by OIMAP: directory, conformity label and code of ethics.›
Conformity labelThe OIMAP conformity label: conditions, audit, cost of €1,200 per year, benefits and obligations.›
ArbitrationThe OIMAP Arbitral Tribunal (TAO) settles art and heritage disputes: authenticity, provenance, restitution and contracts, through arbitration or mediation.›