The moment of the debates

The hearing is the moment when the parties speak before the arbitrators. It generally lasts only one to three days, but it concentrates most of the exchanges: oral arguments, examination of witnesses and experts, questions from the tribunal.
The TAO holds its hearings in Paris, Geneva, Singapore and Dubai, as well as by videoconference. Nearly half the hearings are now held remotely, which reduces costs and speeds up the timetable.
This page explains the preparation, the conduct and the practical rules.
Arbitration hearings in figures
Source: Registry of the OIMAP Arbitral Tribunal.
Preparing the hearing
Four weeks before the hearing, the parties confirm the list of witnesses and experts, submit their pleading documents and test the equipment. A preparatory meeting sets speaking time, the order of address and the arrangements for examination.
Interpreters are booked through the Registry. Documents to be projected are sent in advance to the tribunal and the opposing party. New documents are admitted only with the tribunal's authorisation.



The conduct of the hearing
The hearing begins with a statement by the claimant, then by the respondent. Next come the hearing of fact witnesses, that of experts and questions from the arbitrators. The parties conclude with a closing argument. A transcript is made by a stenographer or a recording system.
The president directs the debates, ensures that speaking time is respected and may interrupt to clarify a point. Witnesses take an oath or undertake to tell the truth.
Remote hearings and confidentiality
Videoconferencing uses a secure platform, with a waiting room, encryption and access limited to registered persons. Recording is allowed only with the agreement of all parties. Participants must be in an isolated room and confirm that they are not being assisted without others' knowledge.
Hearings are held in camera. Only persons registered on the file may attend. Brief minutes are drawn up and signed by the president.
After the hearing
The arbitrators may request supplementary written observations within a short time. Once the debates are closed, they deliberate in private, generally by videoconference, then draft the award. A draft is discussed among the three arbitrators before signature.
The parties receive the award through the Desk. The Registry invites them to fill in a satisfaction questionnaire, the results of which feed into the quality committee.
Practical organisation
| Element | In person | Remote |
|---|---|---|
| Room | Tribunal premises | Secure platform |
| Documents | Paper copies | Screen sharing |
| Interpretation | Booths | Dedicated channel |
| Transcript | Stenographer | Approved recording |
Milestones
- Confirmation
Witnesses and experts.
- Documents
Filing of supporting materials.
- Technical test
For remote hearings.
- Hearing
Debates.
- Transcript
Proofreading.
Witnesses and experts



On site or remote

On site
Tribunal premises- Direct contact
- Tangible documents
- Travel costs
For major stakes.

Remote
Videoconference- Economy and speed
- Dispersed participants
- Depends on technology
Increasingly chosen option.
Preparing to plead
- Plan
Fix the order of addresses.
- Test
Check the technology.
- Coordinate
Gather witnesses and experts.
- Plead
Keep to time.
- Proofread
Validate the transcript.
Before the hearing
A witness

« I was afraid of an intimidating courtroom. The exchange was serious but courteous, and everyone was able to speak. »
Vocabulary of the hearing
- Oral argument
- Oral presentation of arguments.
- In camera
- Non-public hearing.
- Transcript
- Complete record of proceedings.
- Fact witness
- Person with knowledge of the facts.
Frequently asked questions
Must I be present?
Yes, or represented.
Can it be recorded?
With the agreement of all parties.
How many interpreters?
Depending on the languages.
Where can I see the costs?
See Fees.
Useful documents
Contacts

Consult the case law
Image credits (16)
- The Calumny of Apelles, Giorgio Ghisi (1560) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Coronation of the Virgin, Christoffel Jegher (1632–36) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Dr. James Stuart; Mary Campbell Stuart, Gilbert Stuart (c. 1815) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Seal Color Box (1662–1722) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Antechamber of the Palace of Justice, Paris, Charles Meryon (1855) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Dance at the Court of Herod, Israhel van Meckenem (c. 1500) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Triumph of Mordecai, Lucas van Leyden (1515) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Portrait of John VIII Palaoelogus, Emperor of Constantinople, 1424-1428 (reverse), Pisanello (c. 1438–1439) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- The Victory Banquet: from Battle Scenes of the Quelling of Rebellions in the Western Regions, with Imperial Poems (c. 1765–74; poem dated 1760) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- A Palace with an Arched Bridge (A Roman Villa), Hubert Robert (1760) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Plaque (1500s–1600s) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Letter Box, Ogata Kōrin (1700s) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Sweet Melancholy, Joseph-Marie Vien (1756) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
- Carnet (1863–1865) — Cleveland Museum of Art, CC0 1.0
Cleveland Museum of Art · CC0 1.0
Arbitration procedureFrom request to award: the stages, time limits and hearings of an arbitration before the TAO, with a typical eleven-month timetable.›
Time limits of the procedureStatutory time limits, time limits set by the tribunal, extensions and sanctions: how the timetable of an arbitration is kept.›
Arbitral case lawDecision database, search and commentaries: the TAO's anonymised case law, to anticipate the outcome of your own dispute.›