Observe · Regulate · Protect — since 2007. 19th OIMAP General Assembly: Singapore, 10–12 June 2026. Programme
Regulation

Buyer's guarantees

Guarantee of authenticity, conformity and provenance: content, duration, implementation and exclusions.

Updated : October 28, 2026· 3 min read

What the seller's word is worth

Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)
Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)

A guarantee is a commitment by the seller on a specific point, which the buyer can invoke in case of a problem. In the art market, three guarantees are essential: authenticity, conformity to the description and provenance.

Operators approved by OIMAP undertake to provide them, on common terms. Other sellers may offer them, but the buyer must then read them carefully.

This page details each guarantee, its duration and its limits.

  • Guarantees
  • Authenticity
  • Compliance

Buyer's guarantees in figures

5 yearsBasic duration of the authenticity guarantee
3Main guarantees
92%Approved operators offering the full guarantee
63%Disputes avoided thanks to a complete file

Source: OIMAP Legal Affairs Department.

Breakdown

Authenticity45%
Conformity to the description35%
Provenance20%

Frequency with which guarantees are invoked.

The authenticity guarantee

The seller guarantees that the work is indeed by the artist, workshop or period announced. If it proves inauthentic within five years, the buyer may obtain cancellation of the sale and reimbursement of the price, provided they return the work in the condition in which they received it.

The guarantee does not cover attributions with clearly stated reservations, nor cases where the state of knowledge at the time of the sale did not allow the defect to be detected. When the seller is approved, it is backed by an OIMAP certificate.

Creamer, Louis Rorimer (c. 1910)
Creamer, Louis Rorimer (c. 1910)
Portrait Bust of a Man (27 BCE–14 CE)
Portrait Bust of a Man (27 BCE–14 CE)
Yokkaichi: View of the Mie River, from the series The Fifty-Three Stations of the Tōkaidō, Utagawa Hiroshige (c. 1833–34)
Yokkaichi: View of the Mie River, from the series The Fifty-Three Stations of the Tōkaidō, Utagawa Hiroshige (c. 1833–34)

Conformity and provenance

The conformity guarantee ensures that the work matches its description: dimensions, technique, date, condition. A significant discrepancy gives the right to a price reduction or cancellation. Slight colour differences due to photography or the screen are not defects.

The provenance guarantee ensures that the seller has told the buyer everything they knew about the history of the work, including any disputes. If a claim proves well founded, the buyer is compensated, subject to their own diligence.

Guarantee insurance

Some operators take out insurance covering the authenticity risk. In the event of a proven fake, the insurer reimburses the buyer, then claims against the author of the fake. This arrangement, increasingly common among approved auction houses, speeds up the settlement of disputes.

Buyers can also take out title insurance themselves, which protects them against a later claim on the work. It is useful mainly for high-value works with complex provenance.

The three guarantees

Three guarantees
GuaranteePurposeDurationRemedy
AuthenticityWork by the artist announced5 yearsCancellation and refund
ComplianceExact description2 yearsReduction or cancellation
ProvenanceFull information on the history10 yearsCompensation

Landmarks

  1. Principle

    Directive 2019-06.

  2. Authenticity guarantee

    Five years.

  3. Provenance guarantee

    Ten years.

  4. Simplified procedure

    Prior mediation.

Reservations must be legible

Statutory guarantee or contractual guarantee

The Antechamber of the Palace of Justice, Paris, Charles Meryon (1855)

Statutory

Imposed by law
  • Applies without being mentioned
  • Minimum duration
  • Cannot be modified to your detriment

Basis of protection.

Christ Driving the Money Changers from the Temple, Rembrandt van Rijn (1635)

Contractual

Offered by the seller
  • Can go further
  • Must be read
  • May contain exclusions

Supplement.

Self-Portrait, John I Smart (1802)
Self-Portrait, John I Smart (1802)
Painting Enthusiasts at Auction House Bouillon, Honoré Daumier (1862, printed 1920)
Painting Enthusiasts at Auction House Bouillon, Honoré Daumier (1862, printed 1920)
The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530)
The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530)

Implementing a guarantee

  1. Find

    Identify the defect.

  2. Document

    Gather evidence and expert opinion.

  3. Notify

    Inform the seller in writing.

  4. Negotiate

    Propose a solution.

  5. Refer

    Use mediation.

Documents to keep

An expert

The Market Place, Wells, Muirhead Bone (1891–1953)
« The authenticity guarantee is not a matter of debate: it is a matter of proof. Hence the importance of certificates drawn up according to a common method. »
Dr. Amara N'Diaye, chair of the certification committee

Vocabulary of guarantees

Statutory guarantee
Guarantee imposed by law.
Reservation
Wording limiting a statement.
Cancellation
Annulment of the contract.
State of knowledge
Knowledge available on the date of the sale.

Frequently asked questions

Does the guarantee run from the sale?

Yes, for authenticity: five years from delivery.

Can I combine guarantees and remedies?

Yes, to the extent compatible with the law.

Who bears the cost of the expert appraisal?

The buyer, unless mediation decides otherwise.

What to do after five years?

Useful documents

Contacts

The Doge's Palace, Venice, Richard Parkes Bonington (1826)
The Doge's Palace, Venice, Richard Parkes Bonington (1826)
Legal Affairs DepartmentParis — Headquarters+33 1 00 00 02 00juridique@oimap.exampleMonday to Friday, 9 am – 5 pm

See the remedies

Portrait of a Man, Italian Painter

Mediation, arbitration, courts.

Remedies
Image credits (16)
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