Observe · Regulate · Protect — since 2007. 19th OIMAP General Assembly: Singapore, 10–12 June 2026. Programme
Training

Procedure and evidence

Managing an expert appraisal, ordering protective measures, cooperating with foreign courts: the procedural module.

Updated : October 28, 2026· 3 min read

Procedure put to the test by works

A Lady Reading, Francis Seymour Haden (1833–1910)
A Lady Reading, Francis Seymour Haden (1833–1910)

A work of art is not a good like any other: fragile, sometimes irreplaceable, often mobile. The four-day module prepares magistrates for procedural challenges: how to preserve evidence, appoint an expert, order seizure, cooperate with a foreign judge.

It covers both civil and criminal procedure, with a chapter on how state justice and arbitration fit together.

This page details the content, methods and resources.

  • Procedure
  • Evidence
  • Expertise

Procedure and evidence in figures

4 daysDuration
24 hHours of lectures and cases
3Hearing simulations
96%Satisfied magistrates

Source: OIMAP Academy.

Breakdown

Evidence and expertise32%
Protective measures24%
Judicial assistance22%
Criminal procedure14%
Arbitration8%

Content of the module.

Evidence and expertise

The module shows how to conduct an expert appraisal: choosing the expert, drafting the mission, non-destructive or destructive analyses, adversarial debate, discussion of the report. It addresses the value of certificates, catalogues raisonnés and databases as evidence.

A workshop simulates the appointment of an expert for a contested painting, with the questions to ask and the pitfalls to avoid.

The Calumny of Apelles, Giorgio Ghisi (1560)
The Calumny of Apelles, Giorgio Ghisi (1560)
Illuminated Opening Page Titled Laila and Majnun from a Khamsa (Quintet) of Nizami of Ganja, Ja'far Baisunghuri (835 AH/1431–32 CE)
Illuminated Opening Page Titled Laila and Majnun from a Khamsa (Quintet) of Nizami of Ganja, Ja'far Baisunghuri (835 AH/1431–32 CE)
The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530)
The Judgment of Solomon and Esther before Ahasuerus (pair), Dirk Vellert (c. 1530)

Protective measures and seizures

Urgency is frequent: a work is about to be sold or moved. Magistrates see how to order a ban on sale, sequestration, deposit with a trusted third party or a protective seizure, and how to organise the custody and conservation of a seized work.

Visits to specialised storage facilities show the conditions of good conservation.

Assistance and cooperation

Art cases are often cross-border. The module explains the request for judicial assistance, obtaining evidence abroad, cooperation with INTERPOL and customs, and recognition of foreign decisions. One chapter covers cooperation with the arbitral tribunal.

Participants practise drafting a letter of request and anticipating obstacles.

Criminal procedure

Handling stolen goods, smuggling, money laundering and destruction of heritage are addressed from the angle of evidence and legal characterisation. Magistrates see how to link criminal procedure and civil restitution, protect the victim and ensure seizure of the property.

A simulation covers a criminal hearing for trafficking in archaeological objects.

Programme of the module

Four days
DayThemeFormat
1Evidence, expertiseWorkshop
2Protective measuresCase
3Assistance, criminalSimulation
4Arbitration, reviewDebate

Milestones

  1. Expertise

    Workshop.

  2. Seizures

    Visit.

  3. Hearing

    Simulation.

  4. Review

    Assessment.

Preserve the work

Bookplate:  Boylston Medical Library, George Girdler Smith (1806–39)
Bookplate: Boylston Medical Library, George Girdler Smith (1806–39)
Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)
Sketches in Belgium and Germany, Volume I: Hall of Justice of the Magistrates du Franc, Bruges, Louis Haghe (1840)
Bifolium from a Bible: Initial E[t factum est] with Ezekiel (c. 1290)
Bifolium from a Bible: Initial E[t factum est] with Ezekiel (c. 1290)

Civil or criminal court

The Antechamber of the Palace of Justice, Paris, Charles Meryon (1855)

Civil

Private dispute
  • Compensation
  • Evidence by the parties
  • Interim measures

Sale, warranty.

Woman Sitting Reading , Georges Lemmen (1905)

Criminal

Offence
  • Penalty
  • Investigation
  • Criminal seizure

Trafficking, handling.

Handling an art case

  1. Characterise

    Nature.

  2. Preserve

    Evidence.

  3. Appoint an expert

    Mission.

  4. Cooperate

    Abroad.

  5. Decide

    Motivation.

Procedural reflexes

A prosecutor

High Class Students and Teachers at Bishop Cotton School, Shimla (verso), Raja Deen Dayal (c. 1882–87)
« The hearing simulation made me understand the difficulties of a trafficking case. I now draft my submissions differently. »
Prosecutor Ana Lopes, prosecutor

Vocabulary of procedure

Letter of request
Request to a foreign judge.
Sequestration
Deposit of property with a third party.
Adversarial principle
Principle of hearing each party.
Judicial assistance
Judicial cooperation.

Justice and arbitration

One chapter presents the relations between the state judge and the arbitral tribunal: jurisdiction, interim measures, actions to set aside, exequatur. It helps magistrates handle arbitration-related applications accurately.

The programme also shows how the courts can draw on the tribunal's database of decisions as a source of comparison.

To go further

The Academy's reception service answers practical questions Monday to Friday, in French, English and Spanish, and can direct each visitor to the programme, scholarship or free resource that fits their situation. A guidance counsellor also offers a thirty-minute individual meeting, by appointment, to build a realistic training pathway.

Trainees' feedback is valuable: each session gives rise to a questionnaire, and the most useful suggestions are examined each quarter by the teaching committee. Do not hesitate to write to report a difficulty, propose a subject or tell us what the training has changed in your practice.

Frequently asked questions

Is there a criminal component?

Yes.

Does one learn to draft an expert's mission?

Yes.

How do the simulations work?

In roles.

Where to see restitution?

Useful documents

Contacts

The Doge's Palace, Venice, Richard Parkes Bonington (1826)
The Doge's Palace, Venice, Richard Parkes Bonington (1826)
OIMAP AcademyParis — Head Office+33 1 00 00 05 00formation@oimap.exampleMonday to Friday, 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.

See restitution

Left side of a double-page album folio: Outside a Royal Encampment (recto) and Calligraphy, Persian Verses (verso), Bihzad (c. 1485)

Cultural property.

Restitution
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